English Grammar

English Grammar 

English grammar is the way in which meanings are encoded into words in the English language. This includes the composition of words, phrases, clauses, sentences and whole texts.

This article describes generalized, current standard English - from formal to informal, a form of speech and writing used in public discourse, including broadcast, education, entertainment, government and news. Deviations from the grammar described here are found in some historical, social, cultural and regional varieties of English, although these are more minor than differences in pronunciation and vocabulary.

Modern English has largely abandoned the Indo-European disruptive case system in favor of analytical constructions. Individual pronouns retain the morphological case more strongly than any other word class (a remnant of the more comprehensive German case system of Old English). For other pronouns, and for all nouns, adjectives, and articles, the function of grammar is indicated only by word order, by predetermination, and by "Saxon genetic or English vowel" (- ').

The eight "word classes" or "parts of speech" usually differ in English: nouns, determinants, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, predicate, and conjunctions. Nouns form the largest word class, and verbs the second-largest. Unlike nouns in almost all other Indo-European languages, English nouns do not have a grammatical gender.

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